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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you have bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The machine enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It is made and kept electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre produced by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength category that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto suggested bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to generate a means of exchange, independent of any central power, which may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.

Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with all the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which electronic assets can easily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. With bitcoin, the integrity of these transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys worth relative to others. Holders of the currency (and especially citizens with very little alternative) bear the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been attained. This makes bitcoin more appealing as an asset in theory, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
While senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept operate in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin as well as the ability to send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of his or her wallet. Transactions can, with some effort, be monitored this way. Additionally, law enforcement has developed approaches to identify consumers if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on their clients before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the progress image source of a particular transaction is visible to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. If a transaction is recorded on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, then it's not possible to modify.
Even though this might disquiet a few, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, roughly one hundredth of a cent. This may conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.

Bitcoin is an electronic currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.